Spanish generation mix by technology
This page summarizes the electricity supply mix in Spain, focusing on how generation is split across technologies (e.g., wind, solar, nuclear, hydro, gas). Spain is characterized by a diversified mix with nuclear and hydro alongside a large and growing renewable share, and limited electrical interconnection with the rest of continental Europe compared with its interconnection with Portugal through the Iberian market coupling (MIBEL). Spain also has international interconnections with Morocco and separate island systems (Balearic and Canary Islands, plus Ceuta and Melilla).
Generation mix in 2025
A lightweight view of the Spanish supply mix. For advanced analytics (hourly granularity, custom groupings, exports, and APIs), explore Axion Insights.
Spanish generation by technologies
Daily production by technology and day ahead dataset (CSV)
Download a clean CSV time series for analysis, reporting, and forecasting. The dataset covers January 2020 to December 2025 with daily resolution. If you need power market datasets with different granularity, areas or need more fundamentals such as the generation mix for spain, see Data Access.
Spain supply mix highlights
What’s been happening in Spain’s power mix (2020–2025)
2020–2021: Wind consolidated its role as the backbone of renewable generation, consistently producing above 55 TWh per year. Nuclear remained stable as baseload, while demand was still affected by post-pandemic dynamics.
2022: The European energy crisis marked a clear break in trends. Weak hydro conditions and high demand for flexibility drove a sharp increase in combined-cycle gas generation, while coal temporarily re-entered the mix despite long-term phase-out plans.
2023: The system began to normalize. Hydro output recovered, gas generation declined materially, and wind reached record annual output. Solar PV continued its rapid expansion, reinforcing midday price compression.
2024: Strong renewable availability — particularly hydro and solar — reduced the need for thermal dispatch. Nuclear output declined modestly due to maintenance outages and marginal price sensitivity, increasing the importance of hydro and gas as balancing technologies.
2025: Solar PV has become a central pillar of the Spanish power system. The mix increasingly relies on the interaction between solar, wind, hydro, and gas to manage intraday and seasonal variability.
This summary reflects structural trends in the Spanish peninsular system. Short-term monthly outcomes remain highly sensitive to weather, outages, demand conditions, and cross-border flows.
Spain electricity generation: year-by-year analysis (peninsular system)
| Metric / Technology | 2020 (TWh) | 2021 (TWh) | 2022 (TWh) | 2023 (TWh) | 2024 (TWh) | 2025 (TWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demand (approx.) | 236.8 | 242.5 | 235.5 | 231.4 | 233.6 | 230.6 |
| Hydro | 30.6 | 29.6 | 17.9 | 25.8 | 34.9 | 32.1 |
| Wind | 53.8 | 59.2 | 59.8 | 61.3 | 59.5 | 55.2 |
| Solar PV | 14.9 | 20.5 | 27.3 | 36.7 | 43.7 | 48.2 |
| Solar thermal | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.7 |
| Nuclear | 55.8 | 54 | 55.9 | 54.6 | 52.4 | 49.5 |
| Combined cycle (gas) | 38.4 | 37.6 | 60.6 | 39.9 | 29.1 | 36.9 |
| Coal | 4.8 | 4.9 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 3 | 1.4 |
| Cogeneration | 27 | 26 | 17.7 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 14.8 |
Demand is approximated from the published balance components: total generation plus storage balance and net interconnector balances (including the Península–Baleares link).
Do you need more data on the Spanish power market?
This page provides a public summary. Additional access to hourly generation, prices or demand is available on the Axion Insights platform. Supporting extended time ranges, custome granularities, and export.
Quarter-Hourly generation mix by technology
Coverage across European power markets and natural gas datasets
Exports (CSV) and API access
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