French generation mix by technology
This page summarizes the electricity supply mix in France, focusing on how generation is split across technologies (e.g., nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, gas). France is characterized by a large nuclear fleet providing baseload, complemented by hydro flexibility and a growing renewable share. Interconnections with neighboring countries (Germany, Belgium, the UK, Spain, Italy, and Switzerland) make cross-border flows a key balancing lever in the French system.
Generation mix in 2025
A lightweight view of the French supply mix. For advanced analytics (hourly granularity, custom groupings, exports, and APIs), explore Axion Insights.
French generation by technologies
Daily production by technology and day-ahead dataset (CSV)
Download a clean CSV time series for analysis, reporting, and forecasting. The dataset covers January 2020 to December 2025 with daily resolution. If you need power market datasets with different granularity, areas or need more fundamentals such as the generation mix for France, see Data Access.
France supply mix highlights
What's been happening in France's power mix (2020-2025)
2020-2021: Nuclear output remained the dominant source of generation, while wind and solar continued steady growth. Hydro conditions were mixed and shaped seasonal flexibility.
2022: Nuclear availability fell sharply due to maintenance and outages, increasing reliance on imports, gas, and coal at times of system stress.
2023: Nuclear output recovered and exports improved, while renewables continued to add incremental volume, especially onshore wind.
2024: Hydro availability and nuclear maintenance schedules largely dictated the balance, with strong price sensitivity to winter temperature swings.
2025: France's mix continued to center on nuclear, but the growing wind and solar fleet increased intraday variability and strengthened the role of hydro and imports for balancing.
This summary reflects structural trends in the French national system. Short-term monthly outcomes remain sensitive to weather, outages, demand conditions, and cross-border flows.
France electricity generation: year-by-year analysis (national system)
| Metric / Technology | 2020 (TWh) | 2021 (TWh) | 2022 (TWh) | 2023 (TWh) | 2024 (TWh) | 2025 (TWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demand (approx.) | 472 | 479.2 | 462.1 | 445 | 472.8 | 478.5 |
| Hydro | 51.2 | 47.5 | 54 | 58.1 | 52.3 | 50.7 |
| Wind | 39.3 | 36.8 | 37.9 | 44.5 | 48.1 | 50.4 |
| Solar PV | 12.1 | 14 | 17.1 | 21.8 | 24 | 26.2 |
| Nuclear | 335.4 | 360.7 | 278.9 | 320.5 | 335.6 | 340.2 |
| Gas | 28.7 | 31.2 | 37.4 | 26.1 | 28.5 | 27 |
| Coal | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Bioenergy | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 10 |
Demand is approximated from published balance components, generation totals, and net interconnector balances.
Do you need more data on the French power market?
This page provides a public summary. Additional access to hourly generation, prices or demand is available on the Axion Insights platform. Supporting extended time ranges, custom granularities, and export.
Quarter-hourly generation mix by technology
Coverage across European power markets and natural gas datasets
Exports (CSV) and API access
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